This reaction causes glass joints and stopcocks to “freeze.” Hydroxides slowly attack glass forming soluble silicates. Sodium and potassium hydroxides are strong bases and are extremely destructive to the skin and eyes.Ĭoncentrated hydroxide solutions dissolve aluminum, resulting in the evolution of flammable hydrogen gas.
Dissolving solid hydroxides in water is a highly exothermic process that generates excessive heat. The hydroxides of alkali metals (Li, Na, K) and calcium in their pure form are water soluble, hygroscopic solids.
Strong bases are insidious in that even a concentrated solution often causes no pain until the corrosive damage is severe.Ĭoncentrated hydroxide solutions evolve heat when mixed with water or acids, which may cause boiling and splattering. They are highly corrosive to the skin and eyes.
Solutions of hydroxides (OH -) in water form strong bases with a high pH.
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